{"id":13347,"date":"2017-10-13T06:25:18","date_gmt":"2017-10-13T06:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/?p=13347"},"modified":"2017-10-13T06:25:18","modified_gmt":"2017-10-13T06:25:18","slug":"autism-prevalence-socioeconomic-status-whats-connection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/autism-prevalence-socioeconomic-status-whats-connection\/","title":{"rendered":"Autism prevalence and socioeconomic status: What\u2019s the connection?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Maureen Durkin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Children living in neighborhoods where incomes are low and fewer adults have bachelor\u2019s degrees are less likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder compared to kids from more affluent neighborhoods.<\/span><\/p>\n

The finding is part of a\u00a0new multi-institution study<\/a>\u00a0of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), led by\u00a0Maureen Durkin<\/a>\u00a0of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison\u2019s\u00a0Waisman Center<\/a>, and published recently in the American Journal of Public Health.<\/span><\/p>\n

Durkin and her team found that the prevalence of the disorder increased during the study period. In fact, during the eight years of the study, the overall prevalence of ASD in children more than doubled, increasing from 6.6 to 14.7 cases per thousand children.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe wanted to see if part of this increase in ASD prevalence was because advances in screening techniques and medical training meant more children from disadvantaged backgrounds were gaining access to ASD diagnoses and services,\u201d says Durkin, a professor of\u00a0population health sciences<\/a>\u00a0and pediatrics at UW\u2013Madison. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t seem that\u2019s the case.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Her team analyzed education and health care data for 1.3 million 8-year-old children from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention population-based surveillance program, with sites in 11 states across the U.S.: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Utah and Wisconsin.<\/span><\/p>\n

The study merged this autism surveillance data with U.S. Census measures of socioeconomic status, such as number of adults who have bachelor\u2019s degrees, poverty and median household incomes in the census tracts studied.<\/span><\/p>\n

It found that regardless of which indicator of socioeconomic status the researchers used, children living in census tracts with lower socioeconomic development were less likely to be diagnosed with ASD than children living in areas with higher socioeconomic indicators.<\/span><\/p>\n

While not the first study to highlight socioeconomic differences in rates of autism diagnosis, \u201cthe continued increase in prevalence of ASD makes understanding its epidemiology critical to ensure services are reaching the children who need them the most,\u201d says Durkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

The study does not prove children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are not getting the diagnoses and support they need, Durkin says, but it does indicate that\u2019s the most likely scenario.<\/span><\/p>\n

In support of this hypothesis, the study found that children who had intellectual disabilities were equally likely to be diagnosed with ASD irrespective of their socioeconomic backgrounds.<\/span><\/p>\n

That could be because \u201cchildren with intellectual disabilities usually have developmental delays that get noticed earlier in life,\u201d says Durkin. \u201cThey may get referred for comprehensive medical follow-ups, which could then lead to a diagnosis of their ASD as well.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In addition, studies in Sweden and France \u2014 which have universal health care and fewer barriers for citizens to access medical care \u2014 found no association between socioeconomic status and rates of autism diagnoses.<\/span><\/p>\n

These findings collectively support the idea that children living in poorer or less well-educated areas are being diagnosed with ASD at lower rates because they have less access to health care providers who could make the diagnosis and provide needed support.<\/span><\/p>\n

Durkin and her colleagues are now analyzing data from 2010 to 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended all children be screened for ASD,\u201d says Durkin. Future research will focus on assessing if more universal screening can lower the socioeconomic gap in ASD prevalence.<\/span><\/p>\n

That\u2019s important to know, Durkin says, because \u201cif we are under-identifying ASD in certain socioeconomic groups \u2014 as seems likely \u2014 we need to be prepared to provide services at a higher level to more people. We need to find cost-effective interventions and supports and make sure they are distributed equitably and in a way that reaches everybody who needs them.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Durkin is working with researchers and clinicians at the Waisman Center to improve access to ASD screening, diagnosis, and care for underserved communities through a federally-funded program called the Wisconsin Care Integration Initiative.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis program is focused on \u2018moving the needle\u2019 to improve access to a coordinated, comprehensive state system of services that leads to early diagnosis and entry into services for children with ASD, particularly for medically underserved populations,\u201d says Durkin.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Children living in neighborhoods where incomes are low and fewer adults have bachelor\u2019s degrees are less likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder compared to kids from more affluent neighborhoods. The finding is part of a\u00a0new multi-institution study\u00a0of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), led by\u00a0Maureen Durkin\u00a0of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison\u2019s\u00a0Waisman Center, and published recently in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicine","category-research"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo-300x202.jpg",300,202,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",736,495,false],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",600,404,false],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",600,404,false],"newspaper-x-single-post":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",729,490,false],"newspaper-x-recent-post-big":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",535,360,false],"newspaper-x-recent-post-list-image":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",95,65,false],"web-stories-poster-portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",640,430,false],"web-stories-publisher-logo":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",96,65,false],"web-stories-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/UW-Madision-logo.jpg",150,101,false]},"author_info":{"info":["Amrita Tuladhar"]},"category_info":"Medicine<\/a> Research<\/a>","tag_info":"Research","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}