{"id":20182,"date":"2021-03-16T04:58:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T23:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/?p=20182"},"modified":"2021-03-16T16:58:22","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T11:13:22","slug":"totem-and-do-collaborations-announce-odderon-discovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/totem-and-do-collaborations-announce-odderon-discovery\/","title":{"rendered":"TOTEM and D\u00d8 collaborations announce odderon discovery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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The TOTEM collaboration at the LHC, together with the D\u00d8 collaboration at the Tevatron collider at Fermilab, have announced the discovery of the odderon \u2013 an elusive state of three fundamental particles called gluons that was predicted almost 50 years ago. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The result was presented on Friday 5 March during a meeting<\/a> at CERN, and follows the joint submission<\/a> in December 2020 of a CERN\/Fermilab preprint by TOTEM and D\u00d8 reporting the observation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cThis result probes the deepest features of the theory of quantum chromodynamics, notably that gluons interact between themselves and that an odd number of gluons are able to be \u201ccolourless\u201d, thus shielding the strong interaction,\u201d says TOTEM spokesperson Simone Giani of CERN. \u201cA notable feature of this work is that the results are produced by combining the LHC and Tevatron data at different energies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

States comprising two, three or more gluons are usually called \u201cglueballs\u201d, and are peculiar objects made only of the carriers of the strong force. The advent of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) led theorists to predict the existence of the odderon in 1973. Proving its existence has been a major experimental challenge, however, requiring detailed measurements of protons as they glance off one another in high-energy collisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While most high-energy collisions cause protons to break into their constituent quarks and gluons, roughly 25% are elastic collisions where the protons remain intact but emerge on slightly different paths (deviating by around a millimetre over a distance of 200 m at the LHC). TOTEM measures these small deviations in proton\u2013proton scattering using two detectors located on either side of the CMS experiment 220 m from the interaction point , while D\u00d8 employed a similar setup at the Tevatron proton\u2013antiproton collider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At lower energies, differences in proton\u2013proton vs proton\u2013antiproton scattering are due to the exchange of different virtual mesons \u2013 particles made up of a quark and an antiquark. At multi-TeV energies, on the other hand, proton interactions are expected to be mediated purely by gluons. In particular, elastic scattering at low-momentum transfer and high energies has long been explained by the exchange of a pomeron \u2013 a \u201ccolour-neutral\u201d virtual glueball made up of an even number of gluons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, in 2018, TOTEM reported<\/a> measurements at high energies that could not easily be explained by this traditional idea. Instead, a further QCD object seemed to be at play, supporting models in which a three-gluon compound, or one containing higher odd numbers of gluons, was being exchanged. The results were sufficient to claim evidence for the odderon, although not yet its definitive observation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new work is based on a model-independent analysis of data at medium-range momentum transfer. The TOTEM and D\u00d8 teams compared LHC proton\u2013proton data (recorded at collision energies of 2.76, 7, 8 and 13 TeV and extrapolated to 1.96 TeV), with Tevatron proton\u2013antiproton data measured at 1.96 TeV, and found evidence again for the odderon. When the teams combined the result with measurements at much smaller scattering angles at 13 TeV by the TOTEM collaboration, the significance of the result was boosted to the discovery level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen combined with the measurements at 13 TeV, the significance of the result is in the range of 5.2\u20135.7 standard deviations and thus constitutes the first experimental observation of the odderon,\u201d said Christophe Royon of the University of Kansas, who presented the results on behalf of D\u00d8 and TOTEM last week. \u201cThis is a major discovery by CERN and Fermilab.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the new TOTEM-D\u00d8 model-independent study, several theoretical papers based on data from the Intersecting Storage Rings, the Super Proton Synchrotron, the Tevatron and the LHC, and on model-dependent inputs, provide additional evidence supporting the conclusion that the odderon exists.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The TOTEM collaboration at the LHC, together with the D\u00d8 collaboration at the Tevatron collider at Fermilab, have announced the discovery of the odderon \u2013 an elusive state of three fundamental particles called gluons that was predicted almost 50 years ago. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics","category-research"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",1440,961,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-200x200.jpg",200,200,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-599x400.jpg",599,400,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-768x513.jpg",750,501,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-675x450.jpg",675,450,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",1440,961,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",1440,961,false],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",1200,800,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",854,570,false],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",600,400,false],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",600,400,false],"newspaper-x-single-post":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-760x490.jpg",760,490,true],"newspaper-x-recent-post-big":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-550x360.jpg",550,360,true],"newspaper-x-recent-post-list-image":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern-95x65.jpg",95,65,true],"web-stories-poster-portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",640,427,false],"web-stories-publisher-logo":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",96,64,false],"web-stories-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/totem-do-odderon-discovery-cern.jpg",150,100,false]},"author_info":{"info":["RevoScience"]},"category_info":"Physics<\/a> Research<\/a>","tag_info":"Research","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}