The findings indicate weight loss may be a useful predictor of the disease prior to the onset of the cognitive problems that often trigger a diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt could be possible to track weight loss as a way to make an earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease,\u201d says Victoria Fleming, doctoral student of human development and family studies and first author of the study. \u201cMeasuring weight change is convenient and low-cost to track, in contrast to screening for early disease pathology through blood tests, imaging scans, or cerebrospinal fluid tests.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The high incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Down syndrome is rooted in Down\u2019s characteristic triplication of chromosome 21. This chromosome carries one of the genes responsible for regulating the production of amyloid beta, a short chain of amino acids that can accumulate in the brain and interfere with brain function, leading to the cognitive impairments seen in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For people without Down syndrome, being overweight or obese in midlife adds to the risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Fleming\u2019s original interest was looking at this link in people with Down syndrome. However, the results were surprising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cWe were really intrigued because when we looked at the data and the time course of when weight was changing, we actually saw a stronger story of unintentional weight loss being linked to early Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the brain,\u201d says Sigan Hartley, a UW\u2013Madison professor of human development and family studies and senior author of the new study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The study looked at data from 261 adults with Down syndrome, aged 25-65, who were weighted at the outset and again about 18 months later. At both points, they also completed a battery of cognitive tests and underwent a brain scan to measure levels of amyloid beta and tau, proteins associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n People with Down syndrome in the study started showing unintentional weight loss in their mid-30s, at the same time that amyloid buildup was forming. Moreover, the people with Down syndrome who lost the most weight were the ones who had the highest buildup of these proteins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe finding that unintentional weight loss appears to coincide in time with the accumulation of these proteins could signal that these processes are related or share causal pathways. This is something that we will be exploring next,\u201d Hartley says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The results lead to what Hartley calls the weight paradox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIn midlife, having a higher BMI may put you at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. But Alzheimer’s disease pathology may actually be connected to weight loss. So, both, in fact, could be true,\u201d Hartley says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientists can only speculate the biological reasons for this relationship between unintentional weight loss and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. One hypothesis is that amyloid accumulation causes a shift in brain metabolism and hormone balance that triggers the loss of fat and muscle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fleming\u2019s next studies will focus on how unintentional weight loss happens, and on teasing apart the weight paradox by looking at midlife BMI and the trajectory of unintentional weight loss across multiple time points in Down syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cWe don’t have many good clinical signs that somebody could be nearing that cusp of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease,\u201d Hartley says. \u201cOur results are exciting because they suggest that there may be some non-cognitive signs \u2014 including unintentional weight loss \u2014 that could help us predict who might be about to develop dementia earlier or later.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Unintentional weight loss in people with Down syndrome may predict the onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease long before typical cognitive symptoms like memory loss and dementia are 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