{"id":24629,"date":"2023-10-11T16:08:48","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T10:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/?p=24629"},"modified":"2023-10-11T16:08:50","modified_gmt":"2023-10-11T10:23:50","slug":"remnant-cell-division-could-be-responsible-for-spreading-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/remnant-cell-division-could-be-responsible-for-spreading-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Remnant cell division could be responsible for spreading cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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MADISON \u2014 Once thought to be the trash can of the cell, a little bubble of cellular stuff called the midbody remnant is actually packing working genetic material with the power to change the fate of other cells \u2014 including turning them into cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s a surprise to many people, according to Ahna Skop, a University of Wisconsin\u00ac\u2013Madison genetics professor, that when one cell divides into two, a process called mitosis, the result is not just the two daughter cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOne cell divides into three things: two cells and one midbody remnant, a new signaling organelle,\u201d says Skop. \u201cWhat surprised us is that the midbody is full of genetic information, RNA, that doesn\u2019t have much to do with cell division at all, but likely functions in cell communication.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a study published today in the journal Developmental Cell, Skop\u2019s lab and collaborators from the Pasteur Institute in Paris, Harvard Medical School, Boston University, and the University of Utah analyzed the contents of midbodies \u2014 which form between the daughter cells during division \u2014 and tracked the interactions of the midbody remnants set free after cell division. Their results point to the midbody as a vehicle for the spread of cancer throughout the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople thought the midbody was a place where things died or were recycled after cell division,\u201d Skop says. \u201cBut one person\u2019s trash is another person\u2019s treasure. A midbody is a little packet of information cells use to communicate.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The midbody\u2019s involvement in cell signaling and stimulating cell proliferation has been investigated before, but Skop and her collaborators wanted to look inside the midbody remnants to learn more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What the researchers found inside midbodies was RNA \u2014 which is a kind of working copy of DNA used to produce the proteins that make things happen in cells \u2014 and the cellular machinery necessary to turn that RNA into proteins. The RNA in midbodies tends to be blueprints not for the cell division process but for proteins involved in activities that steer a cell\u2019s purpose, including pluripotency (the ability to develop into any of the body\u2019s many different types of cells) and oncogenesis (the formation of cancerous tumors).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA midbody remnant is very small. It\u2019s a micron in size, a millionth of a meter,\u201d Skop says. \u201cBut it\u2019s like a little lunar lander. It\u2019s got everything it needs to sustain that working information from the dividing cell. And it can drift away from the site of mitosis, get into your bloodstream, and land on another cell far away.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many midbody remnants are reabsorbed by one of the daughter cells that shed them, but those that touch down on a distant surface, like a lunar lander, may instead be absorbed by a third cell. If that cell swallows the midbody, it may mistakenly begin using the enclosed RNA as if it were its own blueprints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Previous research showed that cancer cells are more likely than stem cells to have ingested midbody and its potentially fate-altering cargo. Stem cells, which give rise to new cells and are valuable for their pluripotency, spit a lot of midbodies back out, perhaps to maintain their pluripotency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Future research may be able to harness the power of midbody RNA to deliver drugs to cancer cells or to keep them from dividing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe think our findings represent a huge target for cancer detection and therapeutics,\u201d says Skop, whose work is supported by the National Institutes of Health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers identified a gene, called Arc, that is key to loading the midbody and midbody remnant with RNA. Taken up long ago from an ancient virus, Arc also plays a role in the way brain cells make memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLoss of Arc leads to the loss of RNA in the midbody and a loss of the RNA information from getting to recipient cells,\u201d Skop says. \u201cWe believe this memory gene is important for all cells to communicate RNA information.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sungjin Park, a senior scientist in Skop\u2019s lab, is the lead author of the new study. Skop and collaborators also have a patent pending on two new methods that make it easier to isolate midbody structures from cell media or blood serum, improving cancer diagnostics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This research was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the French Fondation ARC for cancer research.<\/p>\n

TAGS: <\/strong>Biology<\/a> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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