{"id":24746,"date":"2024-02-06T13:07:51","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/?p=24746"},"modified":"2024-02-06T13:10:34","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:25:34","slug":"uw-madison-researchers-first-to-3d-print-functional-human-brain-tissue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/uw-madison-researchers-first-to-3d-print-functional-human-brain-tissue\/","title":{"rendered":"UW\u2013Madison researchers first to 3D-print functional human brain tissue"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emily Leclerc<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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MADISON \u2014 A team of University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison scientists has developed the first 3D-printed brain tissue that can grow and function like typical brain tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s an achievement with important implications for scientists studying the brain and working on treatments for a broad range of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis could be a hugely powerful model to help us understand how brain cells and parts of the brain communicate in humans,\u201d says Su-Chun Zhang, professor of neuroscience and neurology at UW\u2013Madison\u2019s Waisman Center. \u201cIt could change the way we look at stem cell biology, neuroscience, and the pathogenesis of many neurological and psychiatric disorders.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printing methods have limited the success of previous attempts to print brain tissue, according to Zhang and Yuanwei Yan, a scientist in Zhang\u2019s lab. The group behind the new 3D-printing process described their method today in the journal Cell Stem Cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instead of using the traditional 3D-printing approach, stacking layers vertically, the researchers went horizontally. They situated brain cells, neurons grown from induced pluripotent stem cells, in a softer \u201cbio-ink\u201d gel than previous attempts had employed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe tissue still has enough structure to hold together but it is soft enough to allow the neurons to grow into each other and start talking to each other,\u201d Zhang says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cells are laid next to each other like pencils laid next to each other on a tabletop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur tissue stays relatively thin and this makes it easy for the neurons to get enough oxygen and enough nutrients from the growth media,\u201d Yan says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results speak for themselves \u2014 which is to say, the cells can speak to each other. The printed cells reach through the medium to form connections inside each printed layer as well as across layers, forming networks comparable to human brains. The neurons communicate, send signals, interact with each other through neurotransmitters, and even form proper networks with support cells that were added to the printed tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe printed the cerebral cortex and the striatum and what we found was quite striking,\u201d Zhang says. \u201cEven when we printed different cells belonging to different parts of the brain, they were still able to talk to each other in a very special and specific way.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The printing technique offers precision \u2014 control over the types and arrangement of cells \u2014 not found in brain organoids, miniature organs used to study brains. The organoids grow with less organization and control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur lab is very special in that we are able to produce pretty much any type of neurons at any time. Then we can piece them together at almost any time and in whatever way we like,\u201d Zhang says. \u201cBecause we can print the tissue by design, we can have a defined system to look at how our human brain network operates. We can look very specifically at how the nerve cells talk to each other under certain conditions because we can print exactly what we want.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That specificity provides flexibility. The printed brain tissue could be used to study signaling between cells in Down syndrome, interactions between healthy tissue and neighboring tissue affected by Alzheimer\u2019s, testing new drug candidates, or even watching the brain grow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn the past, we have often looked at one thing at a time, which means we often miss some critical components. Our brain operates in networks. We want to print brain tissue this way because cells do not operate by themselves. They talk to each other. This is how our brain works and it has to be studied all together like this to truly understand it,\u201d Zhang says. \u201cOur brain tissue could be used to study almost every major aspect of what many people at the Waisman Center are working on. It can be used to look at the molecular mechanisms underlying brain development, human development, developmental disabilities, neurodegenerative disorders, and more.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new printing technique should also be accessible to many labs. It does not require special bio-printing equipment or culturing methods to keep the tissue healthy, and can be studied in depth with microscopes, standard imaging techniques and electrodes already common in the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers would like to explore the potential of specialization, though, further improving their bio-ink and refining their equipment to allow for specific orientations of cells within their printed tissue..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRight now, our printer is a benchtop commercialized one,\u201d Yan says. \u201cWe can make some specialized improvements to help us print specific types of brain tissue on-demand.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study was supported in part by NIH-NINDS, the National Medical Research Council of Singapore, Ministry of Education of Singapore, Aligning Science Across Parkinson\u2019s, the Bleser Family Foundation, and the Busta Foundation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A team of University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison scientists has developed the first 3D-printed brain tissue that can grow and function like typical brain tissue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","category-health"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",775,581,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-200x200.jpg",200,200,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-534x400.jpg",534,400,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-768x576.jpg",750,563,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-675x506.jpg",675,506,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",775,581,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",775,581,false],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",775,581,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-775x570.jpg",775,570,true],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-600x581.jpg",600,581,true],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-600x581.jpg",600,581,true],"newspaper-x-single-post":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-760x490.jpg",760,490,true],"newspaper-x-recent-post-big":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-550x360.jpg",550,360,true],"newspaper-x-recent-post-list-image":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan-95x65.jpg",95,65,true],"web-stories-poster-portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",640,480,false],"web-stories-publisher-logo":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",96,72,false],"web-stories-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Yuanwei_Yan.jpg",150,112,false]},"author_info":{"info":["Emily Leclerc"]},"category_info":"Biology<\/a> Health<\/a>","tag_info":"Health","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24746"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24749,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24746\/revisions\/24749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}