{"id":25218,"date":"2024-09-16T09:53:12","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T04:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/?p=25218"},"modified":"2024-09-16T09:53:16","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T04:08:16","slug":"neoself-antigens-induce-autoimmunity-in-lupus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/neoself-antigens-induce-autoimmunity-in-lupus\/","title":{"rendered":"Neoself-antigens induce autoimmunity in lupus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Osaka, Japan \u2013 Autoimmune diseases are widespread and notoriously difficult to treat. In part, this is because why the immune system attacks its own tissues in patients with these conditions remains poorly understood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a study recently published in\u00a0Cell<\/em>, researchers from Osaka University have revealed that the body\u2019s own proteins with unusual structures trigger immune cells to unleash a wave of inflammation that leads to autoimmunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autoimmune diseases develop when the body\u2019s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues instead of fighting off foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses. However, it has long been a mystery why this happens, as the immune system has many checks and balances to make sure that it only reacts to \u2018non-self\u2019 triggers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT cells have been thought to discriminate between small fragments of protein derived from self and non-self proteins presented on the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), and \u2018trained\u2019 not to respond self-antigens\u201d explains senior author of the study Hisashi Arase. \u201cHowever, when the MHC-II is missing a crucial piece called the invariant chain (Ii), it can present larger, misfolded self antigens, called neoself-antigens, to T cells.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Given that autoantibodies to neoself-antigens are frequently found in patients with autoimmune diseases, the researchers explored T cell reactivity in patients with lupus and in mice, in which Ii was depleted from adult. They also investigated the effect of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) infection, a risk factor for lupus, on T cell reactivity to neoself-antigens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe results were striking,\u201d says Shunsuke Mori, lead author. \u201cWe found that approximately 10% of clonally expanded T cell repertoire in lupus patients recognized neoself-antigens. Furthermore, induction of neoself-antigens induced lupus-like disease in mice, meaning that they mounted an immune response to the body\u2019s own tissues, thereby causing autoimmune disease.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, the researchers found that reactivation of EBV, which most people are infected with but is usually dormant, increases the presentation of neoself-antigens on MHC-II through downregulating the expression of Ii, triggering the activation of T cells directed against the body. This could explain why EBV reactivation is linked to the onset or exacerbation of lupus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur findings demonstrate that T cells discriminate self- and neoself-antigens and do not recognize neoself-antigens as self antigens, thus leading to the development of autoimmunity when neoself-antigens are presented on MHC-II,\u201d says Arase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study substantially increases our understanding of self-tolerance of T cells as well as the causes of autoimmune disease by identifying neoself-antigens as a distinct class of antigens that trigger an inappropriate immune response. This insight into why the body begins to attack itself could help develop new treatments for autoimmune disorders like lupus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autoimmune diseases develop when the body\u2019s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues instead of fighting off foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-health"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-200x200.jpg",200,200,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-675x385.jpg",675,385,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-675x385.jpg",675,385,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-600x420.jpg",600,420,true],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-600x420.jpg",600,420,true],"newspaper-x-single-post":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",737,420,false],"newspaper-x-recent-post-big":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-550x360.jpg",550,360,true],"newspaper-x-recent-post-list-image":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology-95x65.jpg",95,65,true],"web-stories-poster-portrait":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",640,365,false],"web-stories-publisher-logo":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",96,55,false],"web-stories-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/basic-immunology.jpg",150,85,false]},"author_info":{"info":["RevoScience"]},"category_info":"Research<\/a> Health<\/a>","tag_info":"Health","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25218"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25220,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25218\/revisions\/25220"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revoscience.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}