WASHINGTON — A new report has found wide differences in the health impacts of ultra-processed foods, urging policymakers to exempt certain plant-based products from measures designed to discourage consumption.

The study, released by Healthy Eating Research (HER), said foods such as breads, cereals, and meat alternatives can provide health benefits, while processed meats and sugary drinks consistently increase risks of heart disease and diabetes.

“Processed meat like bacon, hot dogs, and deli meat should absolutely be avoided, but many plant-based foods that are considered ultra-processed are actually good for your health,” said Noah Praamsma, a registered dietitian with the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.

The report comes as the Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture work to define ultra-processed foods, a classification that could shape future rules on taxation, advertising, and school meal programs.

A Harvard analysis cited in the report found that sugary beverages and processed meats raised cardiovascular risks, while bread, cereals, and some savory snacks had protective effects. Plant-based meat alternatives were also linked to lower rates of type 2 diabetes.

HER’s 14-member committee recommended excluding certain ultra-processed foods from restrictions if they meet criteria such as adequate amounts of recommended food groups, low levels of added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat, and no non-sugar sweeteners.